1. The Service: The visible user interactions (apps, physical sites).
2. Infrastructure: The technology, data, and systems powering the service.
3. Organization: Internal structures, governance, and how teams collaborate.
4. Intent: The mission, value and business model behind the service.
5. Culture: The shared beliefs and decision-making styles of the organization.
* Speed to Market: Especially critical for startups building minimum viable products (MVPs) quickly.
* Cost Efficiency: Hiring one person or a small cross-functional team reduces the overhad of specialized roles.
* Unified Vision: One owner ensures the product strategy matches the technical reality from day one.